Constructivist Learning Theory And Nursing Practice

Introduction As the demand for nursing education grows and with the rapidly advancing roles of nursing, educators need to stay up-to-date. â€Å"Theory-based practice provides nurses with a perspective† (Parker, 2006, p.28). With the comprehension and use of educational theories, nursing educators can support student knowledge and development into practice. These theories are outlines of cohesive concepts and principals that describe, explain, or predict how people learn. Every one learns differently and as an educator you need to be familiarized with and open to the use of one or more combinations of theories to successfully teach adult learners in this ever changing health care system. This paper will highlight the use of Constructivist Learning Theory and its application to nursing practice. Constructivist Learning Theory- Constructivism Constructivist Learning Theory exists under the focus of cognitive learning and has substructures of the concepts of self- efficacy, self- regulation, and metacognition as it defines how adults learn (Billings Halstead, 2012, p. 211). Billings Halstead (2012) explains that learning is considered a transformation in a person from personal experience. It is a continued process that encompasses understanding, clarifying, and applying meanings of knowledge that is developed. The learning theory, constructivism embraces that learning is a development. A learner constructs new knowledge by building on existing information through a processShow MoreRelatedConstructivism : A Cognitive Learning Theory1151 Words   |  5 Pages Constructivism: A Cognitive Learning Theory Erica Johnson Lourdes University â€Æ' Constructivism: A Cognitive Learning Theory According to Kivunja (2014), â€Å"a learning paradigm is a conceptual model that represents understanding of relationships involved in the learning process† (p.82). Cognitive learning theories were developed from the work of Gestalt psychologists during the early 1900’s (Billings Halstead, 2012). According to Billings Halstead (2012), â€Å"Gestalt psychologists believe peopleRead MoreIn support of the constructivist theory of education for future athletic trainers1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviorist to constructivist and everything in between, the one thing they have in common is that they attempt to explain how people learn. This paper will explain why I tend to lean toward the constructivist theory of education and defend this theory using a variety of current literature. It is important to note that the theories that are talked about as educational theories are often looked at as both theories of teaching and learning; however most of these theories are not theories of teachingRead MoreThe Use Of Simulation As A Method Of Effectively Transfer Learning Into Competencies, Building Teamwork And Basic Organizational Skills923 Words   |  4 PagesThis study validated the use of simulation as a method of effectively transfer learning into competencies, building teamwork and basic organizational skills. Limitations to this study is the small sample size, evaluation tool, and no evaluation of participants experiences of past simulation exposure. The literature review stated that the use of up to fifty percent as a clinical experience had no impact on NCLEX-RN past rates. Therefore this study could be used by educators as evidence for futureRead MoreThe Impact Of Transformative And Social Constructive Learning Theories Impacted Adult Learning Outcomes3651 Words   |  15 PagesNursing education is designed to offer students the opportunity to become practitioners who are able to connect theories into practice in ways that result in qualit y patient care. Consequently, Nurse Educators are faced with the challenge of preparing students for the role of the graduate nurse, including not only the theoretical foundations of practice but the technical skills and performance behaviors necessary for their role in caring for patients with complex needs (Klein, 2006). Moreover, educatorsRead MoreCurriculum Development for the Nursing Profession Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives to guide the learning process of the advancing R.Ns include the following (GU, n.d): i. Engage in collaboration and communication with other health care team members. ii. Demonstrate commitment to human service as part of professional practice in a society that is culturally diverse. iii. Evaluate, communicate, and apply research findings with an aim of improving professional practice. iv. Evaluate and analyze management and leadership theories within the nursing practice. Some of the strategiesRead MoreWound Care: Sterile Dressing Changes Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesstudent will identify all the supplies needed to change a sterile dressing. 2. Following a small group session, the student will be able to recognize the eight signs of when a sterile dressing needs to be changed or reinforced. These two behavioral learning objectives both fall within the cognitive domain. The first is at the knowledge level, while the second falls on the comprehension level (Bastable Doody, 2007). The knowledge level assesses the ability of the student to recall information thatRead MoreTeaching Methods Academic Achievement And Influence Attitudes911 Words   |  4 Pagesquest to learn: The effects of a WebQuest on student learning in fourth grade social studies. Action Research Exchange, 5(2). Retrieved from: http://chiron.valdosta.edu/are/vol5no2/PDF/AREarticlesVol5no2/BrownPAREarticle-vol5no2.pdf Brucklacher, B., Gimbert, B. (1999). Role-playing software and Web-Quests: What’s possible with cooperative learning and computers. Computers in the Schools, 15, 37-48. Castronova, J. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: Article manuscript. Action ResearchRead MoreMethods Critique And Comparison : Enhancing Caregiver Outcomes Of Palliative Care, By Mccorkle And Pasacreta1665 Words   |  7 Pagesa chronically ill patient and, second, intervene with a nursing care plan designed to prepare the caregiver for the consequences of those experiences. The statement of purpose is, Families are increasingly replacing skilled health care workers in the delivery of unfamiliar complex care to their relatives with cancer, despite other obligations and responsibilities that characterize their lives (McCorkle Pasacreta, 2001). What this theory identified was the health care paradigm for a cancer patientRead More My Philosophy Of Education Essay7393 Words   |  30 Pagesbelieve that learning is a fluid activity and therefore changes constantly within the classroom community. I believe that we all are constructs of our past experiences and that these experiences influence the way we perform in our lives. The education of students cannot be dependent on a particular style of teaching or learning because we are all different. Students are diverse learners and process learning in a variety of different ways. Reaching these students with one learning style, I believeRead MoreHow to Make a Review of Related Literature6112 Words   |  25 Pageselaborately, take the following steps: Identify the general topic of the sources under discussion. Thus, you will provide the context of your review of related literature; Discuss what was already presented about the topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory, conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship, etc. Explain why the literature used is worth reviewing. How to Write the Body of a Review of Related Literature When writing the Body, do the following: Group the sources according to their common

Part Two Chapter VII Free Essays

string(81) " had left the room, she tried to untangle her thick hair and repair her make-up\." VII Once the first impulse of spite had worn off, Samantha bitterly regretted inviting Gavin and Kay to dinner. She spent Friday morning joking with her assistant about the dreadful evening she was bound to have, but her mood plummeted once she had left Carly in charge of Over the Shoulder Boulder Holders (a name that had made Howard laugh so hard the first time he had heard it that it had brought on an asthma attack, and which made Shirley scowl whenever it was spoken in her presence). Driving back to Pagford ahead of the rush hour, so that she could shop for ingredients and start cooking, Samantha tried to cheer herself up by thinking of nasty questions to ask Gavin. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Two Chapter VII or any similar topic only for you Order Now Perhaps she might wonder aloud why Kay had not moved in with him: that would be a good one. Walking home from the Square with bulging Mollison and Lowe carrier bags in each hand, she came across Mary Fairbrother beside the cash-point machine in the wall of Barry’s bank. ‘Mary, hi †¦ how are you?’ Mary was thin and pale, with grey patches around her eyes. Their conversation was stilted and strange. They had not spoken since the journey in the ambulance, barring brief, awkward condolences at the funeral. ‘I’ve been meaning to drop in,’ Mary said, ‘you were so kind – and I wanted to thank Miles – ‘ ‘No need,’ Samantha said awkwardly. ‘Oh, but I’d like – ‘ ‘Oh, but then, please do – ‘ After Mary had walked away, Samantha had the awful feeling that she might have given the impression that that evening would be a perfect time for Mary to come round. Once home, she dropped the bags in the hall and telephoned Miles at work to tell him what she had done, but he displayed an infuriating equanimity about the prospect of adding a newly widowed woman to their foursome. ‘I can’t see what the problem is, really,’ he said. ‘Nice for Mary to get out.’ ‘But I didn’t say we were having Gavin and Kay over – ‘ ‘Mary likes Gav,’ said Miles. ‘I wouldn’t worry about it.’ He was, Samantha thought, being deliberately obtuse, no doubt in retaliation for her refusal to go to Sweetlove House. After she had hung up, she wondered whether to call Mary to tell her not to come that evening, but she was afraid of sounding rude, and settled for hoping that Mary would find herself unequal to calling in after all. Stalking into the sitting room, she put on Libby’s boy band DVD at full volume so that she would be able to hear it in the kitchen, then carried the bags through and set to work preparing a casserole and her fall-back pudding, Mississippi mud pie. She would have liked to buy one of Mollison and Lowe’s large gateaux, to save herself some work, but it would have got straight back to Shirley, who frequently intimated that Samantha was over-reliant on frozen food and ready meals. Samantha knew the boy band DVD so well by now that she was able to visualize the images matching the music blaring through to the kitchen. Several times that week, while Miles was upstairs in his home study or on the telephone to Howard, she had watched it again. When she heard the opening bars of the track where the muscular boy walked, with his shirt flapping open, along the beach, she went through to watch in her apron, absent-mindedly sucking her chocolatey fingers. She had planned on having a long shower while Miles laid the table, forgetting that he would be late home, because he had to drive into Yarvil to pick up the girls from St Anne’s. When Samantha realized why he had not returned, and that their daughters would be with him when he did, she had to fly around to organize the dining room herself, then find something to feed Lexie and Libby before the guests arrived. Miles found his wife in her work clothes at half-past seven, sweaty, cross and inclined to blame him for what had been her own idea. Fourteen-year-old Libby marched into the sitting room without greeting Samantha and removed the disc from the DVD player. ‘Oh, good, I was wondering what I’d done with that,’ she said. ‘Why’s the TV on? Have you been playing it?’ Sometimes, Samantha thought that her younger daughter had a look of Shirley about her. ‘I was watching the news, Libby. I haven’t got time to watch DVDs. Come through, your pizza’s ready. We’ve got people coming round.’ ‘Frozen pizza again?’ ‘Miles! I need to change. Can you mash the potatoes for me? Miles?’ But he had disappeared upstairs, so Samantha pounded the potatoes herself, while her daughters ate at the island in the middle of the kitchen. Libby had propped the DVD cover against her glass of Diet Pepsi, and was ogling it. ‘Mikey’s so lush,’ she said, with a carnal groan that took Samantha aback; but the muscular boy was called Jake. Samantha was glad they did not like the same one. Loud and confident Lexie was jabbering about school; a machine-gun torrent of information about girls whom Samantha did not know, with whose antics and feuds and regroupings she could not keep up. ‘All right, you two, I’ve got to change. Clear away when you’re done, all right?’ She turned down the heat under the casserole and hurried upstairs. Miles was buttoning up his shirt in the bedroom, watching himself in the wardrobe mirror. The whole room smelt of soap and aftershave. ‘Everything under control, hon?’ ‘Yes, thanks. So glad you’ve had time to shower,’ spat Samantha, pulling out her favourite long skirt and top, slamming the wardrobe door. ‘You could have one now.’ ‘They’ll be here in ten minutes; I won’t have time to dry my hair and put on make-up.’ She kicked off her shoes; one of them hit the radiator with a loud clang. ‘When you’ve finished preening, could you please go downstairs and sort out drinks?’ After Miles had left the room, she tried to untangle her thick hair and repair her make-up. You read "Part Two Chapter VII" in category "Essay examples" She looked awful. Only when she had changed did she realize that she was wearing the wrong bra for her clinging top. After a frantic search, she remembered that the right one was drying in the utility room; she hurried out onto the landing but the doorbell rang. Swearing, she scuttled back to the bedroom. The boy band’s music was blaring out of Libby’s room. Gavin and Kay had arrived on the dot of eight because Gavin was afraid of what Samantha might say if they turned up late; he could imagine her suggesting that they had lost track of time because they were shagging or that they must have had a row. She seemed to think that one of the perks of marriage was that it gave you rights of comment and intrusion over single people’s love lives. She also thought that her crass, uninhibited way of talking, especially when drunk, constituted trenchant humour. ‘Hello-ello-ello,’ said Miles, moving back to let Gavin and Kay inside. ‘Come in, come in. Welcome to Casa Mollison.’ He kissed Kay on both cheeks and relieved her of the chocolates she was holding. ‘For us? Thanks very much. Lovely to meet you properly at last. Gav’s been keeping you under wraps for far too long.’ Miles shook the wine out of Gavin’s hand, then clapped him on the back, which Gavin resented. ‘Come on through, Sam’ll be down in a mo. What’ll you have to drink?’ Kay would ordinarily have found Miles rather smooth and over-familiar, but she was determined to suspend judgement. Couples had to mix with each other’s circles, and manage to get along in them. This evening represented significant progress in her quest to infiltrate the layers of his life to which Gavin had never admitted her, and she wanted to show him that she was at home in the Mollisons’ big, smug house, that there was no need to exclude her any more. So she smiled at Miles, asked for a red wine, and admired the spacious room with its stripped pine floorboards, its over-cushioned sofa and its framed prints. ‘Been here for, ooh, getting on for fourteen years,’ said Miles, busy with the corkscrew. ‘You’re down in Hope Street, aren’t you? Nice little houses, some great fixer-upper opportunities down there.’ Samantha appeared, smiling without warmth. Kay, who had previously seen her only in an overcoat, noted the tightness of her orange top, beneath which every detail of her lacy bra was clearly visible. Her face was even darker than her leathery chest; her eye make-up was thick and unflattering and her jangling gold earrings and high-heeled golden mules were, in Kay’s opinion, tarty. Samantha struck her as the kind of woman who would have raucous girls’ nights out, and find stripograms hilarious, and flirt drunkenly with everyone else’s partner at parties. ‘Hi there,’ said Samantha. She kissed Gavin and smiled at Kay. ‘Great, you’ve got drinks. I’ll have the same as Kay, Miles.’ She turned away to sit down, having already taken stock of the other woman’s appearance: Kay was small-breasted and heavy-hipped, and had certainly chosen her black trousers to minimize the size of her bottom. She would have done better, in Samantha’s opinion, to wear heels, given the shortness of her legs. Her face was attractive enough, with even-toned olive skin, large dark eyes and a generous mouth; but the closely cropped boy’s hair and the resolutely flat shoes were undoubtedly pointers to certain sacrosanct Beliefs. Gavin had done it again: he had gone and picked another humourless, domineering woman who would make his life a misery. ‘So!’ said Samantha brightly, raising her glass. ‘Gavin-and-Kay!’ She saw, with satisfaction, Gavin’s hangdog wince of a smile; but before she could make him squirm more or weasel private information out of them both to dangle over Shirley’s and Maureen’s heads, the doorbell rang again. Mary appeared fragile and angular, especially beside Miles, who ushered her into the room. Her T-shirt hung from protruding collarbones. ‘Oh,’ she said, coming to a startled halt on the threshold. ‘I didn’t realize you were having – ‘ ‘Gavin and Kay just dropped in,’ said Samantha a little wildly. ‘Come in, Mary, please †¦ have a drink †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Mary, this is Kay,’ said Miles. ‘Kay, this is Mary Fairbrother.’ ‘Oh,’ said Kay, thrown; she had thought that it would only be the four of them. ‘Yes, hello.’ Gavin, who could tell that Mary had not meant to drop in on a dinner party and was on the point of walking straight back out again, patted the sofa beside him; Mary sat down with a weak smile. He was overjoyed to see her. Here was his buffer; even Samantha must realize that her particular brand of prurience would be inappropriate in front of a bereaved woman; plus, the constrictive symmetry of a foursome had been broken up. ‘How are you?’ he said quietly. ‘I was going to give you a ring, actually †¦ there’ve been developments with the insurance †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Haven’t we got any nibbles, Sam?’ asked Miles. Samantha walked from the room, seething at Miles. The smell of scorched meat met her as she opened the kitchen door. ‘Oh shit, shit, shit †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She had completely forgotten the casserole, which had dried out. Desiccated chunks of meat and vegetables sat, forlorn survivors of the catastrophe, on the singed bottom of the pot. Samantha sloshed in wine and stock, chiselling the adhering bits off the pan with her spoon, stirring vigorously, sweating in the heat. Miles’ high-pitched laugh rang out from the sitting room. Samantha put on long-stemmed broccoli to steam, drained her glass of wine, ripped open a bag of tortilla chips and a tub of hummus, and upended them into bowls. Mary and Gavin were still conversing quietly on the sofa when she returned to the sitting room, while Miles was showing Kay a framed aerial photograph of Pagford, and giving her a lesson in the town’s history. Samantha set down the bowls on the coffee table, poured herself another drink and settled into the armchair, making no effort to join either conversation. It was awfully uncomfortable to have Mary there; with her grief hanging so heavily around her she might as well have walked in trailing a shroud. Surely, though, she would leave before dinner. Gavin was determined that Mary should stay. As they discussed the latest developments in their ongoing battle with the insurance company, he felt much more relaxed and in control than he usually did in Miles and Samantha’s presence. Nobody was chipping away at him, or patronizing him, and Miles was absolving him temporarily of all responsibility for Kay. ‘†¦ and just here, just out of sight,’ Miles was saying, pointing to a spot two inches past the frame of the picture, ‘you’ve got Sweetlove House, the Fawley place. Big Queen Anne manor house, dormers, stone quoins †¦ stunning, you should visit, it’s open to the public on Sundays in the summer. Important family locally, the Fawleys.’ ‘Stone quoins?’ ‘Important family, locally?’ God, you are an arse, Miles. Samantha hoisted herself out of her armchair and returned to the kitchen. Though the casserole was watery, the burnt flavour dominated. The broccoli was flaccid and tasteless; the mashed potato cool and dry. Past caring, she decanted it all into dishes and slammed it down on the circular dining-room table. ‘Dinner’s ready!’ she called at the sitting-room door. ‘Oh, I must go,’ said Mary, jumping up. ‘I didn’t mean – ‘ ‘No, no, no!’ said Gavin, in a tone that Kay had never heard before: kindly and cajoling. ‘It’ll do you good to eat – kids’ll be all right for an hour.’ Miles added his support and Mary looked uncertainly towards Samantha, who was forced to add her voice to theirs, then dashed back through into the dining room to lay another setting. She invited Mary to sit between Gavin and Miles, because placing her next to a woman seemed to emphasize her husband’s absence. Kay and Miles had moved on to discussing social work. ‘I don’t envy you,’ he said, serving Kay a large ladle full of casserole; Samantha could see black, scorched flecks in the sauce spreading across the white plate. ‘Bloody difficult job.’ ‘Well, we’re perennially under-resourced,’ said Kay, ‘but it can be satisfying, especially when you can feel you’re making a difference.’ And she thought of the Weedons. Terri’s urine sample had tested negative at the clinic yesterday and Robbie had had a full week in nursery. The recollection cheered her, counterbalancing her slight irritation that Gavin’s attention was still focused entirely on Mary; that he was doing nothing to help ease her conversation with his friends. ‘You’ve got a daughter, haven’t you, Kay?’ ‘That’s right: Gaia. She’s sixteen.’ ‘Same age as Lexie; we should get them together,’ said Miles. ‘Divorced?’ asked Samantha delicately. ‘No,’ said Kay. ‘We weren’t married. He was a university boyfriend and we split up not long after she was born.’ ‘Yeah, Miles and I had barely left university ourselves,’ said Samantha. Kay did not know whether Samantha meant to draw a distinction between herself, who had married the big smug father of her children, and Kay, who had been left †¦ not that Samantha could know that Brendan had left her †¦ ‘Gaia’s taken a Saturday job with your father, actually,’ Kay told Miles. ‘At the new cafe.’ Miles was delighted. He took enormous pleasure in the idea that he and Howard were so much part of the fabric of the place that everybody in Pagford was connected to them, whether as friend or client, customer or employee. Gavin, who was chewing and chewing on a bit of rubbery meat that was refusing to yield to his teeth, experienced a further lowering in the pit of his stomach. It was news to him that Gaia had taken a job with Miles’ father. Somehow he had forgotten that Kay possessed in Gaia another powerful device for anchoring herself to Pagford. When not in the immediate vicinity of her slamming doors, her vicious looks and caustic asides, Gavin tended to forget that Gaia had any independent existence at all; that she was not simply part of the uncomfortable backdrop of stale sheets, bad cooking and festering grudges against which his relationship with Kay staggered on. ‘Does Gaia like Pagford?’ Samantha asked. ‘Well, it’s a bit quiet compared to Hackney,’ said Kay, ‘but she’s settling in well.’ She took a large gulp of wine to wash out her mouth after disgorging the enormous lie. There had been yet another row before leaving tonight. (‘What’s the matter with you?’ Kay had asked, while Gaia sat at the kitchen table, hunched over her laptop, wearing a dressing gown over her clothes. Four or five boxes of dialogue were open on the screen. Kay knew that Gaia was communicating online with the friends she had left behind in Hackney, friends she had had, in most cases, since she had been in primary school. ‘Gaia?’ Refusal to answer was new and ominous. Kay was used to explosions of bile and rage against herself and, particularly, Gavin. ‘Gaia, I’m talking to you.’ ‘I know, I can hear you.’ ‘Then kindly have the courtesy to answer me back.’ Black dialogue jerked upwards in the boxes on the screen, funny little icons, blinking and waggling. ‘Gaia, please will you answer me?’ ‘What? What do you want?’ ‘I’m trying to ask about your day.’ ‘My day was shit. Yesterday was shit. Tomorrow will be shit as well.’ ‘When did you get home?’ ‘The same time I always get home.’ Sometimes, even after all these years, Gaia displayed resentment at having to let herself in, at Kay not being at home to meet her like a storybook mother. ‘Do you want to tell me why your day was shit?’ ‘Because you dragged me to live in a shithole.’ Kay willed herself not to shout. Lately there had been screaming matches that she was sure the whole street had heard. ‘You know that I’m going out with Gavin tonight?’ Gaia muttered something Kay did not catch. ‘What?’ ‘I said, I didn’t think he liked taking you out.’ ‘What’s that supposed to mean?’ But Gaia did not answer; she simply typed a response into one of the scrolling conversations on the screen. Kay vacillated, both wanting to press her and afraid of what she might hear. ‘We’ll be back around midnight, I expect.’ Gaia had not responded. Kay had gone to wait for Gavin in the hall.) ‘Gaia’s made friends,’ Kay told Miles, ‘with a girl who lives in this street; what’s her name – Narinder?’ ‘Sukhvinder,’ said Miles and Samantha together. ‘She’s a nice girl,’ said Mary. ‘Have you met her father?’ Samantha asked Kay. ‘No,’ said Kay. ‘He’s a heart surgeon,’ said Samantha, who was on her fourth glass of wine. ‘Absolutely bloody gorgeous.’ ‘Oh,’ said Kay. ‘Like a Bollywood film star.’ None of them, Samantha reflected, had bothered to tell her that dinner was tasty, which would have been simple politeness, even though it was awful. If she wasn’t allowed to torment Gavin, she ought at least to be able to needle Miles. ‘Vikram’s the only good thing about living in this godforsaken town, I can tell you,’ said Samantha. ‘Sex on legs.’ ‘And his wife’s our local GP,’ said Miles, ‘and a parish councillor. You’ll be employed by Yarvil District Council, Kay, are you?’ ‘That’s right,’ said Kay. ‘But I spend most of my time in the Fields. They’re technically in Pagford Parish, aren’t they?’ Not the Fields, thought Samantha, Oh, don’t mention the bloody Fields. ‘Ah,’ said Miles, with a meaningful smile. ‘Yes, well, the Fields do belong to Pagford, technically. Technically, they do. Painful subject, Kay.’ ‘Really? Why?’ asked Kay, hoping to make conversation general, because Gavin was still talking in an undertone to the widow. ‘Well, you see – this is back in the fifties.’ Miles seemed to be embarking on a well-rehearsed speech. ‘Yarvil wanted to expand the Cantermill Estate, and instead of building out to the west, where the bypass is now – ‘ ‘Gavin? Mary? More wine?’ Samantha called over Miles. ‘ – they were a little bit duplicitous; land was bought without it being very clear what they wanted it for, and then they went and expanded the estate over the border into Pagford Parish.’ ‘Why aren’t you mentioning Old Aubrey Fawley, Miles?’ asked Samantha. She had, at last, reached that delicious point of intoxication where her tongue became wicked and she became disengaged from fear of consequences, eager to provoke and to irritate, seeking nothing but her own amusement. ‘The truth is that Old Aubrey Fawley, who used to own all those lovely stone quoits, or whatever Miles was telling you about, did a deal behind everyone’s backs – ‘ ‘That’s not fair, Sam,’ said Miles, but she talked over him again. ‘ – he flogged off the land where the Fields are built, pocketed, I don’t know, must have been a quarter of a mill or so – ‘ ‘Don’t talk rubbish, Sam, back in the fifties?’ ‘ – but then, once he realized everyone was pissed off with him, he pretended he hadn’t known it would cause trouble. Upper-class twit. And a drunk,’ added Samantha. ‘Simply not true, I’m afraid,’ Miles said firmly. ‘To fully understand the problem, Kay, you need to appreciate a bit of local history.’ Samantha, holding her chin in her hand, pretended to slide her elbow off the table in boredom. Though she could not like Samantha, Kay laughed, and Gavin and Mary broke off their quiet conversation. ‘We’re talking about the Fields,’ said Kay, in a tone intended to remind Gavin that she was there; that he ought to be giving her moral support. Miles, Samantha and Gavin realized simultaneously that the Fields was a most tactless subject to raise in front of Mary, when they had been such a bone of contention between Barry and Howard. ‘Apparently they’re a bit of a sore subject locally,’ said Kay, wanting to force Gavin to express a view, to rope him in. ‘Mmm,’ he replied, and turning back to Mary, he said, ‘So how’s Declan’s football coming on?’ Kay experienced a powerful stab of fury: Mary might be recently bereaved, but Gavin’s solicitousness seemed unnecessarily pointed. She had imagined this evening quite differently: a foursome in which Gavin would have to acknowledge that they really were a couple; yet nobody looking on would imagine that they enjoyed a closer relationship than acquaintanceship. Also, the food was horrible. Kay put her knife and fork together with three-quarters of her helping untouched – an act that was not lost on Samantha – and addressed Miles again. ‘Did you grow up in Pagford?’ ‘Afraid so,’ said Miles, smiling complacently. ‘Born in the old Kelland Hospital along the road. They closed it in the eighties.’ ‘And you? – ‘ Kay asked Samantha, who cut across her. ‘God, no. I’m here by accident.’ ‘Sorry, I don’t know what you do, Samantha?’ asked Kay. ‘I’ve got my own busi – ‘ ‘She sells outsize bras,’ said Miles. Samantha got up abruptly and went to fetch another bottle of wine. When she returned to the table, Miles was telling Kay the humorous anecdote, doubtless intended to illustrate how everyone knew everyone in Pagford, of how he had been pulled over in the car one night by a policeman who turned out to be a friend he had known since primary school. The blow-by-blow re-enactment of the banter between himself and Steve Edwards was tediously familiar to Samantha. As she moved around the table replenishing all the glasses, she watched Kay’s austere expression; evidently, Kay did not find drink-driving a laughing matter. ‘†¦ so Steve’s holding out the breathalyser, and I’m about to blow in it, and out of nowhere we both start cracking up. His partner’s got no idea what the hell’s going on; he’s like this’ – Miles mimed a man turning his head from side to side in astonishment – ‘and Steve’s bent double, pissing himself, because all we can think of is the last time he was holding something steady for me to blow into, which was nigh on twenty years ago, and – ‘ ‘It was a blow-up doll,’ said Samantha, unsmiling, dropping back into her seat beside Miles. ‘Miles and Steve put it in their friend Ian’s parents’ bed, during Ian’s eighteenth-birthday party. Anyway, in the end Miles was fined a grand and got three points on his licence, because it was the second time he’d been caught over the limit. So that was hysterically funny.’ Miles’ grin remained foolishly in place, like a limp balloon forgotten after a party. A stiff little chill seemed to blow through the temporarily silent room. Though Miles struck her as an almighty bore, Kay was on his side: he was the only one at the table who seemed remotely inclined to ease her passage into Pagford social life. ‘I must say, the Fields are pretty rough,’ she said, reverting to the subject with which Miles seemed most comfortable, and still ignorant that it was in any way inauspicious within Mary’s vicinity. ‘I’ve worked in the inner cities; I didn’t expect to see that kind of deprivation in a rural area, but it’s not all that different from London. Less of an ethnic mix, of course.’ ‘Oh, yes, we’ve got our share of addicts and wasters,’ said Miles. ‘I think that’s about all I can manage, Sam,’ he added, pushing his plate away from him with a sizeable amount of food still on it. Samantha started to clear the table; Mary got up to help. ‘No, no, it’s fine, Mary, you relax,’ Samantha said. To Kay’s annoyance, Gavin jumped up too, chivalrously insisting on Mary’s sitting back down, but Mary insisted too. ‘That was lovely, Sam,’ said Mary, in the kitchen, as they scraped most of the food into the bin. ‘No, it wasn’t, it was horrible,’ said Samantha, who was only appreciating how drunk she was now that she was on her feet. ‘What do you think of Kay?’ ‘I don’t know. She’s not what I expected,’ said Mary. ‘She’s exactly what I expected,’ said Samantha, taking out plates for pudding. ‘She’s another Lisa, if you ask me.’ ‘Oh, no, don’t say that,’ said Mary. ‘He deserves someone nice this time.’ This was a most novel point of view to Samantha, who was of the opinion that Gavin’s wetness merited constant punishment. They returned to the dining room to find an animated conversation in progress between Kay and Miles, while Gavin sat in silence. ‘†¦ offload responsibility for them, which seems to me to be a pretty self-centred and self-satisfied – ‘ ‘Well, I think it’s interesting that you use the word â€Å"responsibility†,’ said Miles, ‘because I think that goes to the very heart of the problem, doesn’t it? The question is, where exactly do we draw the line?’ ‘Beyond the Fields, apparently.’ Kay laughed, with condescension. ‘You want to draw a line neatly between the home-owning middle classes and the lower – ‘ ‘Pagford’s full of working-class people, Kay; the difference is, most of them work. D’you know what proportion of the Fields lives off benefits? Responsibility, you say: what happened to personal responsibility? We’ve had them through the local school for years: kids who haven’t got a single worker in the family; the concept of earning a living is completely foreign to them; generations of non-workers, and we’re expected to subsidize them – ‘ ‘So your solution is to shunt off the problem onto Yarvil,’ said Kay, ‘not to engage with any of the underlying – ‘ ‘Mississippi mud pie?’ called Samantha. Gavin and Mary took slices with thanks; Kay, to Samantha’s fury, simply held out her plate as though Samantha were a waitress, her attention all on Miles. ‘†¦ the addiction clinic, which is absolutely crucial, and which certain people are apparently lobbying to close – ‘ ‘Oh, well, if you’re talking about Bellchapel,’ said Miles, shaking his head and smirking, ‘I hope you’ve mugged up on what the success rates are, Kay. Pathetic, frankly, absolutely pathetic. I’ve seen the figures, I was going through them this morning, and I won’t lie to you, the sooner they close – ‘ ‘And the figures you’re talking about are †¦?’ ‘Success rates, Kay, exactly what I said: the number of people who have actually stopped using drugs, gone clean – ‘ ‘I’m sorry, but that’s a very naive point of view; if you’re going to judge success purely – ‘ ‘But how on earth else are we supposed to judge an addiction clinic’s success?’ demanded Miles, incredulous. ‘As far as I can tell, all they do at Bellchapel is dole out methadone, which half of their clients use alongside heroin anyway.’ ‘The whole problem of addiction is immensely complicated,’ said Kay, ‘and it’s naive and simplistic to put the problem purely in terms of users and non †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ But Miles was shaking his head, smiling; Kay, who had been enjoying her verbal duel with this self-satisfied lawyer, was suddenly angry. ‘Well, I can give you a very concrete example of what Bellchapel’s doing: one family I’m working with – mother, teenage daughter and small son – if the mother wasn’t on methadone, she’d be on the streets trying to pay for her habit; the kids are immeasurably better off – ‘ ‘They’d be better off away from their mother, by the sound of it,’ said Miles. ‘And where exactly would you propose they go?’ ‘A decent foster home would be a good start,’ said Miles. ‘Do you know how many foster homes there are, against how many kids needing them?’ asked Kay. ‘The best solution would have been to have them adopted at birth – ‘ ‘Fabulous. I’ll hop in my time machine,’ retorted Kay. ‘Well, we know a couple who were desperate to adopt,’ said Samantha, unexpectedly throwing her weight behind Miles. She would not forgive Kay for the rude outstretched plate; the woman was bolshy and patronizing, exactly like Lisa, who had monopolized every get-together with her political views and her job in family law, despising Samantha for owning a bra shop. ‘Adam and Janice,’ she reminded Miles in parenthesis, who nodded; ‘and they couldn’t get a baby for love nor money, could they?’ ‘Yes, a baby,’ said Kay, rolling her eyes, ‘everybody wants a baby. Robbie’s nearly four. He’s not potty-trained, he’s developmentally behind for his age and he’s almost certainly had inappropriate exposure to sexual behaviour. Would your friends like to adopt him?’ ‘But the point is, if he’d been taken from his mother at birth – ‘ ‘She was off the drugs when he was born, and making good progress,’ said Kay. ‘She loved him and wanted to keep him, and she was meeting his needs at the time. She’d already raised Krystal, with some family support – ‘ ‘Krystal!’ shrieked Samantha. ‘Oh my God, are we talking about the Weedons?’ Kay was horrified that she had used names; it had never mattered in London, but everyone truly did know everyone in Pagford, it seemed. ‘I shouldn’t have – ‘ But Miles and Samantha were laughing, and Mary looked tense. Kay, who had not touched her pie, and had managed very little of the first course, realized that she had drunk too much; she had been sipping wine steadily out of nerves, and now she had committed a prime indiscretion. Still, it was too late to undo that; anger overrode every other consideration. ‘Krystal Weedon is no advert for that woman’s mothering skills,’ said Miles. ‘Krystal’s trying her damnedest to hold her family together,’ said Kay. ‘She loves her little brother very much; she’s terrified he’ll be taken away – ‘ ‘I wouldn’t trust Krystal Weedon to look after a boiling egg,’ said Miles, and Samantha laughed again. ‘Oh, look, it’s to her credit she loves her brother, but he isn’t a cuddly toy – ‘ ‘Yes, I know that,’ snapped Kay, remembering Robbie’s shitty, crusted bottom, ‘but he’s still loved.’ ‘Krystal bullied our daughter Lexie,’ said Samantha, ‘so we’ve seen a different side of her to the one I’m sure she shows you.’ ‘Look, we all know Krystal’s had a rough deal,’ said Miles, ‘nobody’s denying that. It’s the drug-addled mother I’ve got an issue with.’ ‘As a matter of fact, she’s doing very well on the Bellchapel programme at the moment.’ ‘But with her history,’ said Miles, ‘it isn’t rocket science, is it, to guess that she’ll relapse?’ ‘If you apply that rule across the board, you ought not to have a driving licence, because with your history you’re bound to drink and drive again.’ Miles was temporarily baffled, but Samantha said coldly, ‘I think that’s a rather different thing.’ ‘Do you?’ said Kay. ‘It’s the same principle.’ ‘Yes, well, principles are sometimes the problem, if you ask me,’ said Miles. ‘Often what’s needed is a bit of common sense.’ ‘Which is the name people usually give to their prejudices,’ rejoined Kay. ‘According to Nietzsche,’ said a sharp new voice, making them all jump, ‘philosophy is the biography of the philosopher.’ A miniature Samantha stood at the door into the hall, a busty girl of around sixteen in tight jeans and a T-shirt; she was eating a handful of grapes and looking rather pleased with herself. ‘Everyone meet Lexie,’ said Miles proudly. ‘Thank you for that, genius.’ ‘You’re welcome,’ said Lexie pertly, and she swept off upstairs. A heavy silence sank over the table. Without really knowing why, Samantha, Miles and Kay all glanced towards Mary, who looked as though she might be on the verge of tears. ‘Coffee,’ said Samantha, lurching to her feet. Mary disappeared into the bathroom. ‘Let’s go and sit through,’ said Miles, conscious that the atmosphere was somewhat charged, but confident that he could, with a few jokes and his habitual bonhomie, steer everyone back into charity with each other. ‘Bring your glasses.’ His inner certainties had been no more rearranged by Kay’s arguments than a breeze can move a boulder; yet his feeling towards her was not unkind, but rather pitying. He was the least intoxicated by the constant refilling of glasses, but on reaching the sitting room he realized how very full his bladder was. ‘Whack on some music, Gav, and I’ll go and get those choccies.’ But Gavin made no move towards the vertical stacks of CDs in their sleek Perspex stands. He seemed to be waiting for Kay to start on him. Sure enough, as soon as Miles had vanished from sight, Kay said, ‘Well, thank you very much, Gav. Thanks for all the support.’ Gavin had drunk even more greedily than Kay throughout dinner, enjoying his own private celebration that he had not, after all, been offered up as a sacrifice to Samantha’s gladiatorial bullying. He faced Kay squarely, full of a courage born not only of wine but because he had been treated for an hour as somebody important, knowledgeable and supportive, by Mary. ‘You seemed to be doing OK on your own,’ he said. Indeed, the little he had permitted himself to hear of Kay and Miles’ argument had given him a pronounced sense of deja vu; if he had not had Mary to distract him, he might have fancied himself back on that famous evening, in the identical dining room, when Lisa had told Miles that he epitomized all that was wrong with society, and Miles had laughed in her face, and Lisa had lost her temper and refused to stay for coffee. It was not very long after, that Lisa had admitted that she was sleeping with an associate partner at her firm and advised Gavin to get tested for chlamydia. ‘I don’t know any of these people,’ said Kay, ‘and you haven’t done one damn thing to make it any easier for me, have you?’ ‘What did you want me to do?’ asked Gavin. He was wonderfully calm, insulated by the imminent returns of the Mollisons and Mary, and by the copious amounts of Chianti he had consumed. ‘I didn’t want an argument about the Fields. I don’t give a monkey’s about the Fields. Plus,’ he added, ‘it’s a touchy subject around Mary; Barry was fighting on the council to keep the Fields part of Pagford.’ ‘Well, then, why couldn’t you have told me – given me a hint?’ He laughed, exactly as Miles had laughed at her. Before she could retort, the others returned like the Magi bearing gifts: Samantha carrying a tray of cups, followed by Mary holding the cafetiere, and Miles, with Kay’s chocolates. Kay saw the flamboyant gold ribbon on the box and remembered how optimistic she had been about tonight when she had bought them. She turned her face away, trying to hide her anger, frantic with the desire to shout at Gavin, and also with a sudden, shocking urge to cry. ‘It’s been so nice,’ she heard Mary say, in a thick voice that suggested she, too, might have been crying, ‘but I won’t stay for coffee, I don’t want to be late back; Declan’s a bit †¦ a bit unsettled at the moment. Thanks so much, Sam, Miles, it’s been good to, you know †¦ well, get out for a bit.’ ‘I’ll walk you up the – ‘ Miles began, but Gavin was talking firmly over him. ‘You stay here, Miles; I’ll see Mary back. I’ll walk you up the road, Mary. It’ll only take five minutes. It’s dark up the top there.’ Kay was barely breathing; all her being was concentrated in loathing of complacent Miles, tarty Samantha and fragile, drooping Mary, but most of all of Gavin himself. ‘Oh, yes,’ she heard herself saying, as everybody seemed to look towards her for permission, ‘yep, you see Mary home, Gav.’ She heard the front door close and Gavin had gone. Miles was pouring Kay’s coffee. She watched the stream of hot black liquid fall, and felt suddenly, painfully alive to what she had risked in overthrowing her life for the man walking away into the night with another woman. How to cite Part Two Chapter VII, Essay examples

Analysis Of The Flea By John Donne Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of The Flea By John Donne Essay Observe a typical bar; every Saturday night sweat drenched bodies emitting alcohol and pheromones from every pore, exchange conversation, pleasantries, and yes even sex perhaps not directly in view but certainly eluded to. Is this animalistic, barbaric behavior acceptable? Should sex be taken so lightheartedly? Or do we take it to seriously; guarding sex like it was the Holy Grail, or the secret to life itself? These questions may be to deep and pointed for most to approach, yet John Donne in his poem The Flea wades through them like the kiddy pool. In this clever poem Donne uses a flea, blood, and the murder of the flea as an analogy for the oldest most primal exchange, sex. Donne, through symbolic images, not only questions the validity of coveting virginity but also the importance of sex as it pertains to life. The metaphors in The Flea are plentiful, but the symbols repeated throughout the poem are clear, beginning with the most prevalent, and the flea. This small parasitic creature is chalk full of symbolic meaning. During the time this poem was written the Renaissance the flea was use in many poems about sex. I derive that in this particular poem the flea is symbolic of the act of sex from the speakers remark in the beginning, Mark but this flea, and mark in this, how little that which deniest me is the flea is small and inconsequential, his lady denies him sex, which the speaker believes is also petty. The flea is described as a marriage temple and a carrier of life, but in the next stanza as something insignificant and small. The speaker applies a certain duality to the flea and therefore to sex. The metaphor develops more as it relates to the other symbols. Blood is used more than once as a symbol. The speaker talks of the blood reverently and equates it to honor. Blood in this poem is symbolic of life and the soul. The speaker remarks that in the flea his blood and his ladys blood were mixed, therefore during sex their souls are mingled and become one. This is where the flea becomes a marriage temple. During this part of the poem the he speaks respectfully within the metaphor about sex, noting that it can be a spiritual and important thing. But this is eventually revealed to be only a ploy to prove that if the speakers lady can treat sex so irreverently after he had made comments about how sacred it was, than sex should not be dealt with so seriously. After the speakers lady kills the flea he asks her if she has purpled her nail in the blood of innocence. Using Donnes metaphor as a basis for interpretation the result is that he asks her if they finish the act of sex kill the flea if it will have really diminished her innocence. The speaker is commenting that sex does not have the power to take away innocence or life. The  murder of the flea also adds to the overall metaphor. When the speaker and his ladys blood is mixed in the flea the speaker refers to the flea as a marriage, therefore the exchange of life blood during sex forms a marriage between the partners. The narrator asks his lady not to kill the flea, which is symbolic of the end of sex, or orgasm. It was popular belief at the time this poem was written, that every time a man had sex his life was shortened, thus it is reasonable to say that the speaker is also representing the murder of the flea as his own life being taken by his lady during the act of sex. The speaker may feel that if he should have to give a piece of his life to have sex the woman he gives it to should want to accept it willingly and without requiring the man to woo. Conclusively the speaker states that the flea ha not taken hardly any thing of importance from either him or his lad and, just so much honor when thou yeildst to me, will waste, as this fleas death took life from thee. Therefore the act of sex will not diminish ei ther of their lives and his lady will not be giving up hardly anything by yielding to him sexually. The speaker is trying to reason with his lady by lessening the importance of sex in the grand scheme of life. .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .postImageUrl , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:hover , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:visited , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:active { border:0!important; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:active , .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u754ed45fe1de0352cf6d0799133d657c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blood Analysis EssayEven today, with every movie and TV commercial screaming sexual connotations, is sex as important and life affirming as we make it out to be? In my view this poem conveys its message loud and clear, but that doesnt mean that I agree with it. This poem has interesting points on which some aspects I agree with. We take sex to seriously, we covet the act of breeding as if it were gold, when truthfully it doesnt affect us as much as we would like to think. Although that is a very valid point it tends to be awfully one sided and testosterone based. While most would agree that we put to much importance on sex, it is an important issue that carries with it consequences, as well as physical and emotional repercussions. Now, this may be more relevant in modern times but sex during the time this poem was written still held most of the same connotations as today. For example disease, pregnancy, spiritual repercussions, and countless emotional issues, all which tend to impact more of the feminine population. In this poem the speaker does not seem to be very respectful of the female he is pursuing. Of course that is conducive to the time but it also says something about the validity of the message of the poem. In synopsis the flea, blood and death of the flea are all used as metaphors for sex; the exchange of life force a very important thing within the act of sex represented as something as  insignificant as a flea and then orgasm, which can feel important and significant for a period of time but is really only as important as the death of a flea. The speaker in this poem hopes to convince his lady to sleep with him by trivializing sex and comparing it to something as insignificant as a flea. Meanwhile I say lady, screw the speaker and the flea you would get more of a commitment from a machine than a guy as afraid of human contact as this one.

Samsung Strategic Management free essay sample

1. Introduction 1. 1. Background The Samsung Group was founded by Byung-Chull Lee in 1938, in Taegu, Korea, as an exporter of dried fish, vegetables and fruits. Byung later established flour mills under the name Samsung, which means three stars in Korean language. He also produced confectionery machines in this period. In 1951, Samsung Moolsan, a holding company, was established which later The building of Samsung Sanghoe in Daegu in 1930s became Samsung Corp. in 1953, Cheil Sugar Manufacturing Co. was set up, which later became an independent company. In 1958, Samsung acquired Ankuk Fire and Marine Insurance (later renamed as Samsung Fire and Marine Insurance) and DongBang Life Insurance in 1963 which was later renamed as Samsung Life Insurance. In 1966, the Group founded Joong-Ang Development, an entertainment theme parks and services company, which was later renamed as Samsung Everland. In 1969, Samsung Electronics Manufacturing Co. (SEMC) was incorporated. In the 1970s, the Samsung Group forayed into the shipbuilding, chemical and petrochemical industries. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Strategic Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1972, Samsung Electronics started to make black-and-white television sets for domestic and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) markets in its factory in Seoul. In 1974, the Group acquired a 50% stake in Korea Semiconductor Co. a joint venture between Korean Engineering Manufacturing Co. and Integrated Circuit International. SEMC started exporting its products in the 1970s. In 1978, the Group’s electronics exports crossed the 100 billion won mark. In February 1984, SEMC was renamed as Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. In 1980, Samsung acquired Korea Telecommunications and merged it with Korea Semiconductor, forming Samsung Semiconductor and Telecommunications, which then merged with SEC in 1988. In mid 80s, the small design was divided into three product areas – domestic appliances, telecommunications and computers serving an engineering driven culture in Suwon. When Byung-Chull Lee passed away in November 1987, his son, Kyun-Hee Lee, became Samsung’s chairman. In 1990, an industrial design department was established under Kook-Hyun Chung, who had joined the company in 1977 as an industrial designer. In 1995, Samsung began to mass-produce LCD Page | 5 isplays for both computers and TV sets and grew to be the world’s largest manufacturer of liquidcrystal display panels after a decade. By 2005, Samsung overtook Sony as one of the world’s most popular consumer electronic brands and now holds a position of 19 in the world rank. Samsung is considered to be the second largest by volume producer of cell phones after Nokia with a leading market share in the North America and Western Europe. 1. 2. Company Profile Samsung is the World’s largest multinational conglomerate corporation founded in 1938 by Lee ByungChul in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It has been the world’s most popular consumer electronic brand since 2005 and is best known South Korean brand in the world. Samsung is an ethical business as a digital leader with a responsible global citizen and a multi-faceted family of companies. At Samsung Group and Samsung Electronics, the products, people and approach to business are held to only the highest standards so that they can more effectively contribute to a better world. The Samsung Group is composed of numerous international affiliated businesses united under the Samsung Brand including Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries, Samsung CT and Samsung Life Insurance. These businesses have always been able to hold a position in the world’s top business ranking providing the most powerful revenue and market share worldwide. Samsung Electronics is the sole monopoly dominating a single market in Korea and now around the world for its fastest design based products. The company has a powerful influence on the country’s economic development, politics, media and culture, being a major driving force with a total of 173,965 employees till June 30 2010 (Samsung Company Profile). Samsung Financial Highlights in 2009: Revenue: Total Assets: Net Income: Total Equity: USD 172. Billion USD 294. 5 Billion USD 13. 8 Billion USD 112. 5 Billion Source: Samsung Annual report 2009 Page | 6 1. 3. Values and Philosophy Samsung Philosophy â€Å"Devote talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contributes to a better global society†. Samsung Values: People Excellence Change Integrity Coprosperity Samsung Values, Source: Sam sung Official Page | 7 1. 4. Samsung Vision â€Å"Inspire the World, Create the Future† Creative solutions Industry New techonology Innovative Products Partner Employee Samsung Vision, Source: Samsung Official Website 1. 5. Samsung Principles comply with laws and ethical standards maintain a clean organisational culture Samsung Business Principles respect customers, shareholders and employees care for environment, health and safety socially responsible corporate citizens Samsung Principles, Source: Samsung Official website Page | 8 2. Competition As a global company, Samsung Electronics did not hold its business disciples within Korea but decentralised them locating them throughout the world. R D investment grew from $1. 81 billion in 2001 to $5. 34 billion with an increment 9. 4 percent of sales. With around 32,000 researchers in 16 research centres, Samsung had one of the largest RD organizations in the world. In 2005 alone, it registered 1,641 US patents ranking fifth at the US Patent Office (Freeze Chung, 2008). The following figures show the financial trends since 2000 to 2005: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Consolidated Sales 34. 6 35 48. 7 54. 1 78. 5 79. 5 Nonconsolidated Sales Domestic 27. 2 24. 4 33. 3 35. 4 55. 2 56. 7 8. 6 7. 9 9. 3 7. 8 9. 6 10. 2 Exports 18. 6 16. 5 24 28. 6 45. 6 46. 5 Net Income 4. 8 2. 2 5. 9 5 10. 3 7. 5 R D Expenditure 1. 59 1. 81 2. 42 2. 95 4. 59 5. 34 $ billion Samsung Electronics, financial highlights, 2000-2005. Source: Samsung annual reports. IMF Crisis of 1997 brought Samsung to the brink of bankruptcy. Samsung used the occasion to sell off some 100 business and to downsize the company’s workforce by 50,000 people. Samsung Electronics alone lost about 27,000 employees. But within a few years, the company was sustaining a sharp upward course on all fronts. Samsung increased its focus on its electronics division that has now become Page | 9 Samsung Electronics, which has gained global prominence as well as significant market shares worldwide despite from its Japanese and European counterparts. In 2005, the company reorganized into five businesses: Digital Media, Telecommunication Networks, Digital Appliances, Semi-conductors and LCDs. Many of its products enjoyed the leading market share worldwide. Below is the figure of Samsung’s market share in 2004 with selected categories of top three competitors: Samsung Market Shares 2004. Source: Samsung Company document The following figure shows the sales of Samsung Electronics in various regions in percentage. It largely enclosed the Asian market by 42% where as Europe being 24%, America 15% and Korea itself with 18% of sales. The least market share is held by Africa with just 1 %. Percentage of sales by region, 2005. Source: Samsung annual reports 2009 Page | 10 3. SWOT Analysis (Kamath et al. 2006) Strengths i. Market Leading Products: Samsung has a wide range of market leading products and enjoys a strong market position in most of its market segments. It is one of the leading manufacturers of digital TVs, memory chips, monitors, DVD recorders, printers, notebook PCs, DRAMs and much more. The company was the third largest cellphone seller with 12. 7 % global market share, as of the beginning of 2006. Being the market leader helps the company maintain strong brand image and attract customers. ii. Diversified Business Portfolio: Samsung manufactures a wide range of products. This enables the company to take advantage of opportunities within specific markets and locations and at the same time protects it from specific segment-related problems and makes it less vulnerable to a sudden decrease in demand for a particular class of products. The company operations are also spread over 5 major decisions: telecommunication network, semiconductor, digital media, LCDs and digital appliances, in addition to the plethora of products mentioned above. ii. Strong Brand and Global Presence: Samsung enjoys high brand awareness and reputation for innovation and quality. Its brand was ranked 20th in the world with over $ 14 billion value in 2005. A strong brand creates barriers to entry in the markets it operates in and helps guarantee future sales. The company operates in more than 30 countries whic h makes it a true global player. Almost 80% of its revenues are generated outside the Korean market. iv. High Returns: Samsung’s return on average assets, return on investment and return on average equity for the period of 2001-2005 were 10. 5 %, 18. % and 21. 9% respectively, significantly higher than corresponding electronics industry averages of 1. 9%, 3. 6% and 5. 1% respectively for the same period. High returns strengthen investors’ confidence and indicate the management’s ability to deploy assets profitably as well as take reasonable investment decisions. Page | 11 v. Strategic Alliances: Samsung has formed successful strategic partnerships with a number of well-known companies, examples being IBM, Microsoft, Toshiba, Sony and IMEC. Close relationships and cooperation with such companies provides Samsung with valuable technical knowledge. i. Focus on Research Development: Samsung’s strong RD operations enable the company to develop innovative prod ucts. The company’s research and development expenditure has grown from $1. 88 billion to $5. 44 billion over the last four years. The company filed 1,641 US patents in 2005, the fifth highest by a corporation in the US. Strong research focus has enables Samsung to develop several innovative products such as world’s largest LCD TV, the first Blue-ray player, the smallest colour laser printer and the first ultra-mobile PC. Weakness i. Poor Economic Performance: The company recorded poor operating performance in 2005. The operating profit declined by 36 % related to 2004. This decrease was mostly led by lower operating profit in LCD and digital media. Other divisions recorded diminished profits as well and the digital appliance division even had to face a loss. In the past few years the financial results were inconsistent, with repeated ups and downs concerning some crucial financial figures such as earnings before interest and taxes. Revenues declined mostly in America. Such under-performance can weaken the company’s financial position. ii. Bad Product Reception: The company’s sliding phones have not been well accepted in Europe, which affected sales and orders for components of these phones. Samsung may not be able to recover the expenses incurred from manufacturing the phones. iii. High Dependence on One Business: The company is highly dependent on semiconductor business to generate cash flows. The fact that one division contributes disproportionately to operating profit may turn into the firm’s disadvantage in case of a downtown in the sector. With the South Korea won strengthening and competition in the Page | 12 semiconductor business rising, Samsung may find it difficult to keep current profitability levels in this segment Opportunities i. Operating in an industrial with much possibility for innovation: Different electronic devices produced by Samsung offer countless possibilities in terms of their design and functionality. The company invests significantly in RD, so it is able to come up with new innovative products quickly which can satisfy the needs of various customers. It also improves Samsung’s image as an environment-friendly company as they boast of innovative energy-efficient refrigerators, mercuryfree backlights for LCD displayers or lead-free products as proof of their environmental concern. ii. Emerging Asian Markets: Leading technology companies are shifting their production base to Asia, particularly China and SouthEast Asia to take advantage of lower production costs and growing purchasing power of citizens. Those countries represent highly lucrative and attractive markets and provide good growth prospects for Samsung. Its products enjoy an excellent reception in these markets. ii. Growing Global Demand for Modern Technology: Wireless communication chips, LCD-TV panels, 3G technologies and so on are examples of products and industries with enormous growth potential. The LCD-TV market alone grew over 20 million units in 2005. Samsung is well-positioned to benefit from growing demand for those products and ready to win the correspond ing market share. Threats i. Consolidation in the PC Business: The PC business, the largest customer segment of the computer storage devices industry is consolidating. Mergers and acquisitions have resulted in the formation of large clients with higher bargaining power. This is expected to further reduce margins of computer products including monitors, LCD panels and printers thus affecting the Samsung’s margins. Page | 13 ii. Unfavourable Products Specifics and Market Developments: Electronic devices and especially computer hardware and software tend to have short lifecycles which makes their manufactures work on new improved ones all the time. Moreover the market developments in the sector may force a company to reconsider its strategy quite often. This may be the case for Samsung right now that demand is gradually shifting from performance-driven products to entertainment-driven ones like MP3. The demand for DRAM is related to the demand for PCs and for this reason the market for those products is also currently experiencing a slowdown. iii. Image Problems: After getting rid of its poor standing in America in the 1980s and 1990s, when Samsung was selling lowcost and unreliable TVs and microwaves in discount chains, there came the cases of stealing know-how and technology from Japanese competitors, price fixing in some of the company’s business and the chairman receiving an honorary doctorate of a university to which Samsung had earlier donated a large amount of money. These scandals have undermined the company’s image and proven that big and strong brands are vulnerable and exposed. Samsung is now on its way to recover its image; however similar situations in the future may result in a negative brand perception. This would have a lasting effect on sales and general economic performance. iv. Intense Competition: The company’s competitors include LG Electronics, Sony Philips, Nokia and Motorola which are large multinationals with global operations and strong performances. Most of these companies are wellpositioned to match Samsung’s capabilities, if not surpassing it. Intense competition can decrease its market share and adversely affect its already diminishing overall economic performance. v. High Raw Material Prices: The price of copper had soared up in July 2006 by four times compared to 2002 levels. During that period the raw material cost highly increased and hampered in the company’s profits. Page | 14 4. Sustainability Samsung Sustainability Performance, Source: Samsung Sustainability Report 2008 Samsung has designated Economic, Environmental and Social responsibilities as the key elements of their sustainable management. Integrating corporate management and sustainable development is an issue of increasing importance in the business world and in today’s increasing expectations for social and environmental responsibility. In response to it, Samsung has been improving the process of collecting stakeholder’s ideas and setting up corporate-wide vision and strategies for sustainable development. Samsung commits to give continuity: ? ? ? To identify various stakeholders Build positive relationships within Ultimately enhance the value for both the company and stake holders Page | 15 5. Strategy Samsung’s journey towards design excellence started in 1993 when Lee realized that Samsung was paying too much attention to volumes and the cost of production, while ignoring customer value. And therefore he decided to make high quality, exciting products in order to survive in the business world. Although Samsung had no problems in funding and creating the design infrastructure, it faced a more difficult task in convincing the rank and file at the company that design was necessary for survival and growth. Most of the employees were more concerned about costs and volumes than design because it was all about keeping the price down and outselling. In 1996, Lee announced the Year of Design Revolution declaring that design would be Samsung’s strategic edge and priority for investment. Their first Design Revolution was highly encouraged by the traditional Korean culture Taeguk, the dual principle of Yin and Yang, where the company enhanced it’s visualization on the basis of company’s tone and manner and design principles. The overarching theme was harmony expressed by the phrase â€Å"balance of reason and feeling† (Freeze Chung, 2008). REASON Life styling: Compared Lifestyle needs: Problems, trends, behaviour, Values, Unmet needs Innovative: Stay One Step Ahead: Differentiate, Fresh, Inspiring, Clever, unique ideas Coherent: Balance Consistency and Variety: Identifiable, Unified, Market-sensitive, Integral FEELING Harmonies: Harmonize with Environment: Systems, Safety, Green, Appropriateness, Accord Intuitive: Convey Agreeable Use and Meaning: Instinctive, Direct, Friendly, Simple Interactive: Design for the Experience: Exciting, Fun, Sensible, Cool, Satisfying Reason Rational Intellectual Technological Feeling Emotional Adaptable Humanistic Harmony An enterprise’s most vital assets lie in its design and other creative capabilities. I believe that the ultimate winners in the twenty-first century will be determined by these skills. I have designated 1996 as the year of Design Revolution for all Samsung products. Let us focus our strength in developing unique designs that reflect the Samsung philosophy and sou l. † – Chairman Kun-Hee Lee, New Year’s Address, 1996 (Freeze Chung, 2008) Page | 16 â€Å"The future is not to be predicted. It is to be created. – Samsung Analyst Day 2005 The second Design Revolution was into a real action by creating 4 principles: 1. Create remarkable designs and establish a user interface (UI) identity 2. Recruit and secure the world’s best designers 3. Nurture a creative corporate environment 4. Reinforce its casting technology infrastructure Concurrent with these design goals, by the end of the year Samsung had revealed technical powers in several domains, introducing world’s first in the memory, mobile phone and TV business. The World’s most valuable brands, 2006 Source: Interbrand Page | 17 5. 1 Manufacturing Strategy Samsung has implemented a strategy of in-house production and investment in manufacturing research and development. Samsung’s primary manufacturing emphasis is on the assembly, efficient movement of material in its logistics operations, precision assembly and packaging and it achieves speed and maximum factory efficiency through minimum capital investment through constant innovation geared towards productivity. For instance, we can take an example of the manufacturing strategies of mobile phones and digital media. a. Mobile Phones Samsung’s strategy is based upon mid and high pricing that leads to higher margins. Samsung is focusing on implementing the newest technologies thus its products are amongst the top in the handset market. Progressive technologies combined with avant-grade designs trends providing a strong foundation of its position specially the clamshell and slide exterior that fashionably package the latest technology. In addition the speed of implementing a new product is very short: 5 months in comparison to Samsung’s competitor’s timelines of approximately 14 months (Kamath et al. 006). Samsung envisions prevailing as the world’s leading brand in the handset area. The main strategy for reaching this goal is â€Å"Next Generation Technology Leadership†, whereby Samsung wants to be the first mover into new technology. b. Digital Media Revenues in the area of digital media have been growing for Samsung steadily by 10 % annually with more than 80% of sales being foreign markets since 1999. Samsung achieved aggressive cost reductions from $20 per inch to $7 per inch leading to sales of 100 million units in 2005 in the field of LCD monitors (Kamath et al. 2006). However this industry is characterised by short life cycle, increase in size, multifunction products, networking, greater accessibility and convergence of products. Other challenges include low entrance barriers which bring about countless competition, price erosion and decline in profit rate that creates rapid price decrease and constantly narrowing price gap between competitors in the industry. Its historical success in introducing several ground-breaking products such as the world’s largest LCD TV and world’s fastest colour laser printer position it well to achieve its objectives. Samsung intends to focus intensively on design rather than pricing. The impetus can be seen in the number of design awards won by Samsung between 2001 and 2005 (19 awards) surpassing design-oriented companies such as Apple, IBM and NIKE. Page | 18 5. 2 Marketing Strategies Using the mid and premium price portfolio, Samsung is focusing on marketing premium products. The higher pricing on these products helps achieve significant margins that lead to healthy revenues, which fund marketing activities, designing and technological improvements that improve Samsung’s position in the market. Samsung’s marketing strategy is shifting from awareness to preferences. The target audience of the brand is changing from sensible brand buyers to high life seeker. The brand focus is on promoting an easier, richer and more enjoyable life through technology allowing unlimited living (Kamath et al. 2006). The marketing is targeted towards an expected consumer pool compromising of young style-conscious, technology-savvy customers who pursue intuitive simplicity and appropriate passion, performance, creativity, excellence and fulfilment. Samsung wants to become an icon brand through product, brand and customer leadership. Product leadership can be achieved through meeting consumer needs and pioneer launches, brands leadership through premium branding consistency and strong emotional bounding and customer leadership through long-term partnerships with customer. 5. 3 Getting Close to Consumer Vice President of Design Research Lab Young Jun Kim explained the difference between marketing research and design research. According to him, marketing research is focused on the current solution like market share and so on but design research is focused on user behaviour and user experience. So Samsung designers visited people in their homes to see how they actually used products. This approach resulted in designs that translated into profits in the market and that won the designers respect and cooperation from the engineers and marketers. Samsung has learned to understand design as business. The core of Samsung is highly dependent on its product design. Samsung shows passion in the field of Future, Curiosity, Building, Growth, Challenge and Details by supporting communities, cultures and environment. Samsung believes respecting communication and encouragement are the keys to success. We have no crystal ball but we are working on many promising technologies in our labs†, states one of the designers of Samsung and promises to deliver hopes and dreams to the diversified cultures as well as disadvantaged group in society with satisfaction and happiness bridging great distances between people and products. Page | 19 â€Å"We believe in a better world† – S amsung Slogan The following are some basic artefacts of Samsung: New innovations and ideas help to make life more convenient, anytime, anywhere†¦ Samsung has always been a strong supporter of culture and artistic heritage. It takes great length to make products green by making them more energy efficient. Understanding customers’ need and anticipating how they are changing; always looking ahead to answer â€Å"What’s next? † Samsung Next is What? Source: Samsung Company Website Page | 20 6. Design at Samsung 6. 1 Design Management Team Organizational chart of the Corporate Design Centre, January 2006. Source: Company document Page | 21 6. 2 Award Winning Products Samsung had a string of design success in the 2000s. For example, the Syncmaster series of LCD monitors was lauded for its simple design and went to win several awards. Samsung Home Appliances Figure 1 three hinged, flat folding monitor Figure 3 refrigerators Figure 2 LCD TV Figure 5 vacuum cleaners Figure 4 washing machines and dryers Page | 22 Products: Samsung Electronics Figure 6 LCD monitors Figure 7 laptops Figure 8 MP3 players Figure 9 cameras and camcorders Figure 10 cell phones Page | 23 7. Samsung Mobiles The commercialization of Samsung handsets started in 1996 with CDMA Handset System gradually developing into GSM Handset in 1997. In 2000, Samsung commercialized World’s first Handset systemCDM A20001X. After gradual manufacturing of Samsung mobile series in 2008, it became the world’s second largest mobile phone maker after Nokia. With its continuous new technology and innovation, Samsung always created the newest and smartest design targeted to the youth. 7. 1 Samsung Mobile Competitions World Market Western Europe / Northern America 19. 1% 25% 36. 2% 21. 1% 9. 9% 16. 1% 6. 2% 9. 6% 5. 4% 6. 5% The market status 2009 shows that Samsung mobile leads the Western Europe and Northern America whereas in the world market, its biggest competitor is Nokia mobiles. Samsung holds second position in consumerism. Market Status 2009 Page | 24 7. 2 Criticism Jim Wicks, vice president of Motorolla Inc. said, â€Å"Samsung has improved, but I don’t see an identity in their design that really speaks to consumers†. Some critics commented that even if Samsung’s design capabilities had improved greatly, the company still lacked a coherent design. A lot of critics and business analysts criticized Samsung mainly on the idea of not appealing to the customer and not aligning their image properly. Other critics said that the company still did not have the design culture of Apple Computer Corp. or the breadth and depth in design that Sony possessed. During the past decade, this engineering-driven company had given way to innovative, design-driven company with a lot of focus on RD. however, despite worldwide design awards and engineering accolades, the â€Å"iconic† product available in the world such as the Apple iphone and Blackberry are much more popular than the Samsung phones. Page | 25 8. Samsung Visual Communication (Advertising) 8. Culture (Semiotics and Social Semiotics) I perceive Samsung as an international award winning brand, applicable to all users from the very sophisticated high level to the middle class group. It is compiled with latest technology, smartness, sleek and shine attitude, personality, elegance, distinctive, cool, wide colour range and affordable price. Samsung claims to be there for the whole family and not only for a special age group. Samsu ng electronics are designed in the simplest yet elegance style suitable from a housewife to an executive. From early teens to the old ones, all are Samsung’s target market with the range and varieties it provides with its holistic design approach for both gender. The main attraction of Samsung is the colour that it focuses on its every product and advertisement. The true natural colour reveals the power of Samsung and its effectiveness especially in its TV and LCD monitors. Black, silver, white, red, yellow are the primary colours that Samsung uses in its products. Page | 26 8. 2 Good life: Samsung provides an incredible valuable and luxury life by providing exclusive products in an affordable range for all people. It is bridging the gap between the product and its company so that everyone can dream of possessing Samsung to feel superior and powerful and rich. 8. 3 Gender, age, class: it mainly focuses on both genders equally depending upon the product design suitable to every age group, from cool teens to the high executive professionals. It demonstrates typical Asian style with cuteness and innocent personality for the Asian market and bold and beautiful stylish blonde models for the Western market. Samsung has a global audience in terms of its products. Page | 27 Bollywood superstar Amir Khan posing for the Samsung CDMA music phones. Similarly another celebrity, a female Pop singer and a Diva Beyonce Knowels is also seen in an advertising of Samsung mobile. It is trying to allure people towards the celebrity lifestyle by using celebrities as their brand ambassador and inspiring people to feel like a celebrity. By these advertisements, I feel that Samsung encloses all the diversified group of people from school and college students to the 8. 4 Celebrities Following advertisement is in the left is an Indian Samsung advertisement with a Page | 28 rofessionals, from housewives to independent career women. 8. 5 Psychoanalysis The other advertisement of Samsung TV focuses on the human emotions like love and Samsung is basically dedicated to the home and family so it more often communicates in a simple and more decent language for all age group. However in the above ad of Samsung Vacuum Cleaner, it shows a different aspect of communication to its au dience with a touch of sexuality and glamour in a very distinctive and appropriate way. Samsung visual happiness, relationships, togetherness and a dream. The graphic advertisement below is of Samsung washing machine, which shows the just the materials (shirt and colour) without any human activity but still it gives out the message about the characteristics and advantage of the product. communication is always criticized for being unappealing to the consumers but this ad has a very powerful message showing the effectiveness of the product. The focus is on the model who is shown naked from side in one image and the other image with her lingerie being held by the vacuum cleaner. It gives a clear meaning on the use and power of the products. This ad definitely appealed me and lured me to buy this product. Similarly, this one also shows the innovation and power of Samsung mobiles in a unique style encouraging people to express their talents and personalities. Page | 29 9. Conclusion Samsung Electronics have been trading and manufacturing electronic goods for nearly 70 years and today it has become one of the world’s leading electronics companies specializing in digital appliances and media, semiconductors, memory and system integration. Today Samsung’s innovation and top quality products and processes are world recognized. It is the only company to achieve the highest quantity of design awards in 2011 2005 for its cutting edge designs and styles (13 products including TFT-LCDs, monitors and CDMA mobile phones). Samsung is found No. 1 in customer loyalty for 8 years consecutively by Brand Keys of the USA. Samsung has built the World’s largest mobile phone as recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. It also received a â€Å"Quality Management Award† in Malaysia. Samsung started its journey from 1938 and started diversifying in the field of industries and electronics since 1970. It entered into the Global market in the 1980s and enhanced itself competing in the changing Tech World from 1990. Since 1994 it implemented design theory into practice and evolved into becoming a Global force and by 1997 advancing into a Digital Frontier to become a Pioneer of the Digital Age today since 2000. Samsung sold more than 20 million full touch phones in shortest time ever and took up high share market in LCD monitors. It sold 500,000 units of its LED TVs in 100 days since its release. It released world’s first solar-powered mobile phone in India and first infrared video phone. It sold 50 million touch screen phones in 2 years. Samsung became No. 1 in the US digital TV market for the 4 th consecutive year. Samsung now has announced its â€Å"Green Management† strategy to sustain in the world of Competition. Samsung used Design based strategy to enhance their consumerism and revenue always coming up with new idea and innovation in every product especially in terms of cell phones. It holds second position in the World market after Nokia and is planning to become number one in the near future. Page | 30 10. Recommendation Samsung is a well established brand that has a diverse product portfolio and is aggressively pushing for RD so as to innovate stylish, user-friendly and functional products that are priced competitively. It is facing intense competition and rising costs of raw materials due to globalization. Therefore Samsung has recently experienced a decline in its performance. It needs to improve in brand image and continue diversifying its product portfolio to prevent overdependence on the semi-conductor business while concentrating on its core competencies in the electronics industry. It possess the capability of increased expansion in the Asian Market but needs to tailor its marketing and business strategies to better suit the tastes and circumstances of these markets. Especially India and China can be the best option for Samsung because they both possess an escalating middle class that is becoming more affluent, consumerist and brand conscious. India is the world’s fastest growing wireless services market and hence offers a huge market for mobile phones due to poor land telecommunication infrastructure. And it is the same with the rural part of China. So Samsung can fascinate the Chinese market by its cutting edge design since Chinese markets are becoming more design oriented with additional quality control measures, excellent customer service and brand reputation. I believe this will help Samsung to become number one consumerist and corporate in Asian market by leading these two huge markets in terms of brand image, customer service, innovative technology, extraordinary quality control and sleek and shine designs for today’s generation. Page | 31 11. References Freeze, K J. Chung, K 2008, Design Strategy at Samsung Electronics: Becoming a Top-Tier Company, Design Management Institute, Boston Case Study: Samsung Electronics: Success by Design, 2006 viewed 15 June 2011 Samsung Corporate Profile, Samsung Electronics 1995 2011, viewed 4 June 2011 Samsung History, Samsung Mobiles, viewed 5 June 2011 http://www. samsung-mobiles. net/history-ofsamsung. html Samsung Annual report, Samsung Official Website, viewed 20 June 2011 Luk e W, Design Vision: In Korean, viewed 20 June 2011, Rocks D Jhlwan M, Samsung Design, viewed 20 June 2011 http://businessweek. om Verganti R, Managing design-driven innovation for competitive advantage, viewed 20 June 2011 Wikipedia, Samsung, viewed 5 June 2011 Kamath S, Kulheyko I, Kuvik I Niziolek P, 2006, A Historic and Strategic Overview of South Korea’s Champion Chaebol: Samsung Electronics, viewed 25 June 2011 Page | 32 12. Appendix Managing Resources for Competitive Advantage Master of Design Assessor: Ross Spence Assignment Presented by Sushma Shrestha A worldwide leading electronic company Page | 33 Introduction Industry: Conglomerate Founded: 1938 Founder: Lee Byung-Chull Headquarters: Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea Employees: 173,965 ( June 30, 2010) RD: USD5. 34 Billion Financial Highlights 2009 Samsung Financial Highlights 2009 Revenue: USD 172. 5 Billion Total Assets: USD 294. 5 Billion Net Revenue Income: Income Total Assets Total Equity Net USD 13. 8 Billion $ 13. 8 $ 112. 5 $ 294. 5 $ 172. 5 Billion Billion billion Equity: Billion Total USD 112. 5 Billion Page | 34 Philosophy evote talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contributes to a better global society Values People Excellence Change Integrity Coprosperity Page | 35 Vision â€Å"Inspire the World, Create the Future† Creative solutions Industry New techonology Innovative Products Partner Employee comply with laws and ethical standards Principles maintain a clean organisational culture Samsung Business Principles respect customers, shareholders and employees care for environmen t, health and safety socially responsible corporate citizens Page | 36 Achievements IDEA ( Industrial Design Excellence Awards) 2006: Gold Award for Touch Screen Messenger 2006: Silver Award for Portable Digital Projector 2001-2005: 19 Awards for Cutting Edge Designs surpassing the design Company like Apple, Sony and NIKE Competition Samsung Market Share 2004 Page | 37 Distribution SWOT Analysis Strengths i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Market Leading Products Diversified Business Portfolio Strong Brand and Global Presence High Returns Strategic Alliances Focus on Research Development Page | 38 SWOT Analysis Weakness . Poor Economic Performance ii. Bad Product Reception iii. High Dependence on One Business SWOT Analysis Opportunities i. Operating in an industrial with much possibility for innovation ii. Emerging Asian Markets iii. Growing Global Demand for Modern Technology Page | 39 SWOT Analysis Threats i. Consolidation in the PC Business ii. Unfavorable Products Specifics and Market Developments iii. Image Problems iv. Intense Competition v. High R aw Material Prices Page | 40 Strategy Design based STRATEGY ‘The future is not be predicted. It is to be created† Samsung Analyst Day 2005 Strategy â€Å"Balance of Reason Feeling† Harmony Reason Rational Intellectual Technological Feeling Emotional Adaptable Humanistic Page | 41 Products Design Centre Organizational Chart Page | 42 The beginning of Samsung mobile †¢ †¢ †¢ 1996: Commercialization of CDMA Handset/System 1997: Commercialization of GSM Handset 2000: Commercialization of World’s first Handset/System CDMA2000 1X 2002: Commercialization of World’s first Handset/System CDMA2000 1X EV-DO 2008: Samsung became the world’s 2nd largest mobile phone maker after Nokia Mobile Phones †¢ †¢ World Market Western Europe / Northern America 19. 1% 25% 36. 2% 21. 1% 9. 9% 16. 1% 6. 2% 9. 6% 5. 4% 6. 5% Market Status 2009 Page | 43 Dilemma Samsung’s Design vs. Market Page | 44 †¢ Touch screen †¢ 3 MP auto focus camera †¢ Video recording †¢ Voice Control †¢ Digital Compass †¢ Cut, Copy Paste †¢ MMS †¢ Spotlight Search †¢ Landscape keyboard †¢ Voice Memos †¢ Stay in touch †¢ GPS capabilities †¢ Entertainment on the go †¢ Camera and video recording †¢ Media player †¢ Roxio media manager †¢ Browse, shop and buy †¢ Blackberry wallet †¢ Ticket master Page | 45 What’s Next on Samsung? A design that would beat the iphone and Blackberry market Elegance, smart, and technology Page | 46 Competitive Designs Advertising Page | 47 Conclusions Samsung started journey from 1938 and diversified in electronics industry since 1970 Applied design based strategy to compete in the market Implemented design theory into practice since 1994 and won many awards becoming a Pioneer of Digital Age since 2000 Competitive Advantage RD Innovation Employee Culture Page | 48 THANK YOU Page | 49

Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Example

Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Example Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Ethical Self Reflection Essay Essay Abstraction In many instances. a individual must take between two or more â€Å"rights† that may or may non aline with both one’s lesson and ethical criterions. The care-based. rule-based. ends-based thought to get at a determination instead than apologizing after the fact are necessary for analysing ethical quandary ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. 2012. pp. 164-165 ) . The self-reflection needed to place one’s cardinal nature. and to understand the ethical motives. moralss and values one uses to do determinations are critical to going an reliable leader who is a moral director that serves the people that follow him or her ( Hughes. et. Al. pp. 152-153 ) . Ethical Self Reflection What is right? Ethical motives define personal character related to the thoughts of both right and incorrect. Ethical motives. while inherently linked to ethical motives and one’s moral duties. is a set of moral rules used in a societal system in which those ethical motives are applied. In other words. moralss point to criterions or codifications of behaviour expected by the group to which the person belongs. These criterions could be national moralss. societal moralss. company moralss. professional moralss. or even household moralss. So while a person’s moral codification is normally unchanging. the moralss he or she patterns can be dependent on exogenic factors non controlled by the person or the group to which the person belongs. Care-based thought describes what is normally referred to as the Golden Rule. â€Å"Do unto others as you want others to make to you† . of behavior and is most closely aligned with Aristotle’s Hagiographas refering felicity. Ar istotle writes in Nichomachean Ethics that. â€Å"If felicity is activity in conformity with virtuousness. it is sensible that it should be in conformity with the highest virtuousness ; and this will be that of the best thing in us† ( Aristotle. 1992. p. 7 ) . Therefore the thought of moralss does non get down with the ethical motives of either right or incorrect. but starts with the premiss that we all desire what is good or what seems so to us ( Brennan. 1992. p. 64 ) . Happiness. so. is to populate in an objectively good manner harmonizing to several virtuousnesss that conform to the best and most complete facets of human activity including wisdom. cognition. bravery. self-denial. munificence. and honest aspiration ( Brennan. pp. 65-67 ) . These virtuousnesss describe the character of a good individual whose Acts of the Apostless are ethically free. non compelled ; voluntary and non forced. Unlike Aristotle’s character based moralss. Immanuel Kant proposes a rule-based thought that actions of true moral worth are done when a individual does the right thing because it is right and non for what benefit the individual can acquire out of the act ( Hughes. et. Al. p. 165 ) . This type of believing mostly negates the external factors that may act upon a person’s disposition to wiegh the determination to move based on the greatest hapiness provided to thegreatest figure of people. When one takes the consequences or effects of an act into consideration moreso than the act’s rightness or inappropriateness. so the act can be said to be based on ends-based thought ( Hughes. et. Al. p. 165 ) . This thought is mostly based on Utilitariansim proposed by JohnStuart Mill in 1863 who defines it as: The credo which accepts as the foundation of ethical motives. Utility. or the Greatest Happiness Principle. holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to advance felicity. incorrect as they tend to bring forth the felicity. By felicity is intended supplication sure. and the absence of hurting ; by sadness. hurting. and the want of pleasance ( Mill. 1863. pp. 9-10 ) . Mill. nevertheless. did non suggest that the terminals of an action justified the agencies. for justness. to Mills. is paramount to the creative activity of good organisations and societies ( Mill. pp. 42-43 ) . The rule of ends-based thought or utilitarianism requires that each individual count for every bit much as the following. and that no individual adult male or adult female should be made to endure unfairness in order to increase the felicity of all the remainder ( Brennan. p. 98 ) . Determining why we say what we are traveling to state ; why we do what we are traveling to make ; and why we feel what we feel in an ethical quandary presupposes that moral pick is rational. However. â€Å"man is non a rational animate being ; he is a apologizing animal†¦ [ and ] one of the hardest things to believe is the abysmal deepness of human stupidity† ( Heinlein. 1953. p. 18 ) . This Sartrean trade name of existential philosophy is based on the thought that we act first. and so look around for ground afterward ( Brennan. p. 122 ) . This rationalizing does non run at the degree of our ain behaviour entirely. We. as societal animate beings. are prone to accommodate to the world as others find it. We tend to conform. even if. when rationally examined. the world of the group does non do sense. â€Å"To thine ain ego be true. and it must follow. as the dark the twenty-four hours. thou canst non so be false to any man† ( Shakespeare. Hamlet. Act I scene 3. 78-82 ) . Shakespeare provides Polonius a voice that resonates clearly in present contexts the importance of being true with one’s ethical motives and virtuousnesss. True. non in the Elizabethan sense of doing certain you had your place and fundss in order to let you to break aid others. but true in a sense of Plato’s axiom â€Å"Know Thyself† . Jean-Jacques Rousseau. whose name is strongly associated with the Enlightenment motion. believed that the cognition of oneself is the beginning of wisdom ( Brennan. J. . p. 75 ) . Deriving this c ognition requires self-reflection. Reflection links changed consciousness with changed action. Contemplation is a valuable portion of any worthwhile attempt. When one takes the clip to thoughtfully reflect about an experience. one is given the chance to larn from it. to bask success. understand failures. and to derive penetrations that will be helpful to you in future activities The cognition of ego is indispensable to enable leaders and followings who aspire to take to clear up their ain values as they model the manner for others to follow ( Barry P. . Kouzes J. . 2012 ) . However. raising the cloud of the false personal perceptual experiences we all build from the forepart of our observation lenses is no easy undertaking. Our inexplicit biass. in-group favouritism. claims of imagined recognition and misjudged struggles of involvement are the fuel to the clouds that provide us an over-inflated sense of ego ( Hughes R. L. . et Al. . 2012. pp. 161-163 ) Simple self-reflection or self-contemplation is utile when we are seeking to make up ones mind to do for dinner. During the 2012 Human Capital Institute ( HCI ) Learning and Leader Developm ent Conference. BG ( Ret ) Thomas Kolditz said that. â€Å"You can’t become in 30 seconds what you haven’t been in 30 years† ( Fakalata. 2012 ) . Whether a leader is in a corporate council chamber. watching the company’s monetary value point per portion autumn so low that you need a particular ticket into the New York Stock Exchange’s stinking underbelly to see how far it truly drop. or whether a leader is watching his ladder and hose crews conflict an industrial chemical fire near a suburban Alabama community. the state of affairss that test leading are besides the events that produce competent and selfless leaders driven by moral duty and societal scruples ( Kolditz. 2007 ) . Likewise. these same state of affairss produce the corporate and local authorities scoundrels that are ridiculed for their selfishness. incompetency. heedlessness and greed. Motive provides one the ground for making something and may be considered the â€Å"why† that inspires the â€Å"what† needs to be done ( Covey. 2006. p. 78 ) . Valuess are concepts stand foring generalised behaviours or provinces of personal businesss th at are considered by the person to be of import ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. 2012. p. 152 ) . With these definitions in head. one may surmise that values – what is of import to us – steer us to follow motivations that become seeable to others through our behaviour towards and with others to finish the â€Å"what† needs to be done. Loyalty to a leader is engendered when followings can put their full trust in leaders who are perceived as individuals with high moral unity ( Wakin. 1976. p. 587 ) . The moral duties one has influences the values that drive us toward a certain set of motivations that cause us to take action under changing fortunes. Leaderships who are consistent with their behaviours with regard to their sensed moral duties are viewed as holding high moral unity and worthy of trust. The ability of a individual to take a group is frequently dependent on the civilization and the group’s beliefs in right and incorrect – the ethical clime ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. p. 155 ) . For illustration. a individual who values money. cut d owning disbursals. recognizing net incomes. and maximising concern chances is motivated by finance or fiscal wealth. This individual. taking a group that values devotedness to responsibility. difficult work. and regard for authorization. may see trouble because the values are non shared and will seldom align to the tradition that motivates the group being led. The fiscal leader in a group of diehards may be viewed negatively because the obtaining fiscal success is considered the incorrect â€Å"why† to make work that requires – from the groups perspective – responsibility. trueness. difficult work and regard. In any context where leading is a critical constituent to success. moral absolutists whose values reflect rigorous attachment to a defined rule-based thought procedure may be viewed as sturdy and hide-bound. Likewise. a pragmatist or a individual that uses end-based thought to warrant actions may be viewed as one who uses any method to inadvisably accomplish the organisations ends and aims. In either instance. the denomination of absolutist or pragmatist may be viewed as a dyslogistic depending on what values are shared by the followings and the organisation. However. neither moral archetype account is sufficient when covering with human actions and the values that drive the motivations behind these actions. Truth-telling. promise-keeping. saving of life. regard for belongings may non be absolute moral duties. but they are non comparative either. Rather. as Hughes describes. the state of affairs significantly influences both the precedence of moral duties and the leading interaction between the leader and followings in a peculiar state of affairs ( Hughes. Ginnett. A ; Curphy. p. 26 ) . In footings possibly more easy understood. moral duties like promise-keeping may be at odds. depending on the state of affairs. with an equal cosmopolitan duty like continuing life. Neither duty is absolute and neither is comparative. nevertheless fortunes may originate when 1 must prioritise the duty that shapes what one values and provides the motivation to take action. Leadership is about acquiring consequences in a manner that inspires trust ( Covey. 2006. p. 40 ) . Trust of oneself. trust in the relationships we have with our components and the organisation of which we are portion. The means to carry through a undertaking and acquire the expected consequences are merely every bit of import as the terminals. Leaderships possessing a set of ethical motives consistent with the moralss of a given society ( organisation ) are better able to acquire consequences in a manner that maintains or increases trust. The non-conformists and the dissenters who openly oppose dominant societal attitudes and political orientations are non needfully more right or more rational. But we might take their unfavorable judgment as an chance for honorable self-reflection and scrutiny of even our most in a heartfelt way held positions of ourselves and our society. Congruity with ethical motives. values. motivations and behavior consequences in what we might name unity. There are no spreads between what the individual believes and how they act. and therefore we can swear t hat actions are done in conformity with who the person truly is. MentionsAristotle. ( 1992. January 3 ) . Nichomachean Ethics. The Internet Classics Archive. Ten. ( D. C. Stevenson. Ed. . A ; W. D. Ross. Trans. ) Cambridge. MA. United States. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //classics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. edu//Aristotle/nicomachaen. hypertext markup language Brennan. J. G. ( 1992 ) . Foundations of Moral Obligation ; The Stockdale Course. Newport. Rhode island: Naval War College Press. Covey. S. ( 2006 ) . The Speed of Trust: The One Thing ThatChanges Everything. New York. New york: Free Press. Heinlein. R. A. ( 1953 ) . Assignment in Eternity. NY. New York: Baen Publishing Enterprises. Hughes. R. L. . Ginnett. R. C. . A ; Curphy. G. J. ( 2012 ) . Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. New York. New york: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Mill. J. S. ( 1863 ) . Utilitarianism. London. England: Parker. Son and Bourne. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //play. Google. com/store/books/details? id=lyUCAAAA QAAJ A ; rdid=book-lyUCAAAAQAAJ A ; rdot=1 Wakin. M. M. ( 1976 ) . The Ethics of Leadership. American Behavioral Scientist ( Pre-1986 ) . 19 ( 5 ) . 567-588. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com/docview/194626859? accountid=12871